Cohesion for Writing Projects Essay

Cohesion, or coherence, is the intangible glue that holds splits together. Having good coherence in a report project elbow room that your themes stick together and flow swimmingly from one denounce to the bordering, so that readers of your dress back withalth easily understand where you argon taking them. Without cohesiveness, a written construct tramp seem choppy and may non flow well a lack of coherence challenges the reader and can hurt comprehension, thus rendering your judge at communication ineffective at best.We will look at cohesion within divides, but the basics below, along with organizational devices like headings, help to fall in condemns, splits and sections coherently in longer, complex writing projects.Here atomic number 18 four master(prenominal) components of cohesion relevanceorderlinking rowingrepetition of severalise address1. relevanceA simple trend to cook cohesion or flow amidst times is to look at the meaning of a sentence and comp ar it to the point of the deliver the goodsing sentence. They should be fixd yet not the corresponding. If the ii sentences are not rough related, you will lose the readers attention, beca forge they will ask to guess where you are going. If the two sentences are identical, you are not adding any late randomness to your work, and the reader will be annoyed. object lesson Too polar relevance not clearAntigones penury is family duty, even if it means death. She must get up which will cause an uproar the consequences gaint matter to her. This would also excuse why she rejects Ismenes support posterior in the play. They both have different motivations Ismene has nothing left to lose and wants to go out with a glorious bang.In this paragraph, two sentences are far too separate. The first two sentences talk about Antigones motivations and how far they will tantalize her. The contract is then redirected to Ismene, and the paragraph focus is not clear. It lacks cohesion.When a sentence relates the Ismene information back to Antigone, we have cohesion Antigones motivation is family duty, even if it means death. She wants to freedom fighter which will cause an uproar the consequences wear outt matter to her. In contrast, her sister, Ismene, has on the whole different motivations for her actions and wants glory, which explains why Antigone rejects her support by and by in the play. Example Too alikeAri sojournhanes exaggerates Socrates science in a ridiculous way. Aristophanes portrays Socrates intelligence as a weapon of humor. He attracts Socrates use his intelligence to make a ridicule of people. Aristophanes makes Socrates appear precise brash in the use of his intelligence.The condition conveys only two points with these four sentences that Aristophanes uses Socrates intelligence as a joke, and that he did so by having Socrates mock people. Cutting aside the unnecessary repetitions strengthens cohesionAristophanes exa ggerates Socrates intelligence in a humorous way. The playwright makes Socrates use his intelligence to make a mockery of people, being real brash in the process.2. ORDERWriters should always ask themselves Is this sentence relevant to the idea of this paragraph? all paragraph should have a primary(prenominal) idea (typically stated in a topic sentence). To master(prenominal)tain cohesion, all sentences within a paragraph should relate to this main idea. For example, if you are writing a paragraph on why nuclear post plants are an efficient, clean way of generating energy, it may seem out of place to then reflect on why a ducks quack does not echo and the resulting societal implications. More much than not, these sentences are important to your paper, but need to be moved elsewhere in a separate paragraph or just relocated within the same paragraph so the sentences order is logical. third estate ways to order sentencesChronological puddle and EffectClarification (first se ntence is broad, familiar statement, and the by-line sentences explain it with details) par/ rail lineExample Chronology is unclearThen in that location was another show gloomy with Satan, who said if bu blunderess organizations physical structure was tested speculate would sin against God. The three friends Eliphaz of Teman, Zophar of Naamah, and Bildad the Shuah came to try and soothe descent. The three saw then that Job was stricken with illness and his suffering was very great.Chronological order and time signals reform cohesivenessThere was another meeting with Satan, who said if Jobs body was tested Job would then sin against God. When Job was later stricken with disease and suffering greatly, his three friends, Eliphaz of Teman, Zophar of Naamah and Bildad the Shuah, tested to storage locker him. Example Cause and effectThese sentences originate with an action that is the result of an earlier event. coiffuretle is not smooth because without cogitate or l ogic, the reader has to do a subatomic bit of mental rearranging The police detective tried to gather much evidence by going to the store to ask Mr. McDougal what he knew about the murder. He did this because when he had asked the Davidsons maid what she saw at the diorama of the crime, she mentioned McDougal.Ordering these sentences by cause and effect, i.e. chronologically, craps The detective talked to the Davidsons maid and asked her what she saw at the scene of the crime. She mentioned the local store owner, Mr. McDougal, so the detective then visited McDougal to gather more evidence.3. LINKING/TRANSITION WORDSTransition nomenclature can help a paragraph flow more smoothly.The following two sentences are far apart, in fact, opposites in content and unconnected in time. ExampleAs one can see, proterozoic in the history of the linked States, nearly pollution was created without regard to the environment. Different mystic groups have interpreted steps towards preserving nature, including conservationists and environmentalists.A transition word, however, announces the contrasting relationship for the reader, avoiding the stop and start rollercoaster effect and creating cohesion. Today moves the reader from early history.As one can see, early in the history of the United States, roughly pollution was created without regard to the environment. However, different private groups today have taken steps towards preserving nature, including conservationists and environmentalists.For cohesion within and amid paragraphs The transition words and phrases below are an abbreviated list of transition damage found at http//www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm. Find more help at http//larae.net/write/transition.html sum total also, again, besides, furthermore, in addition, likewise, more all over, as well as Result thus, therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, otherwise, later on Generalizations typically, as usual, for the most part, commonl y, usually, in general Introducing Examples for example, for instance, as an illustration, as an example, in this mooring Emphasis above all, chiefly, especially, particularly, significantly, most importantly, primarily Similarity comparatively, correspondingly, likewise, similar, together with, combined with censure aside from, barring, besides, except, excluding, exclusive of, other than, distant of Restatement in essence, in other words, namely, that is, in short, to put it differentlyContrast /Compare in contrast, conversely, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, similarly, yet, but, however, motionlessness, nevertheless, in contrast, comparatively, likewise Order (time) at first, to begin with, at the same time, now, the next step, in turn, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, before, prior, last, meanwhile sum-up in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, finally4. repetition OF KEY WORDSRepeating secern terms related to the main idea of the paragraph makes an invisible rope for readers to follow a few hand holds. However, do not repeat words for the pursuit of repetition the reader needs to on occasion be reminded of your focus, not beaten over the head with unnecessary repetitions.Example The following paragraph focuses on the negative daze of the recession on restaurants. Follow the key words, variations of economy, restaurant, and worn down they tie sentences together as each(prenominal) negative effect is added to the paragraph Many problems in the economy are matching the restaurant attention. The factor responsible for most of these negative impacts is the stinting recession. Due to weak economic conditions, the U.S. food service industry revenues will only rise 2.5% in 2008, compared to the 4.6% increase in 2007 the National eating house Association reports this to be among the poorest sales performances by the domestic restaurant industry in nearly four decades (Basham, 2008b). In response to the weak economic conditions, restaurants are increase prices only enough to off caboodle high cost, rather than to expand profit margins (Basham, 2008b). Also, unemployment in the United States affects restaurants with rates reaching 5.3% in 2008 compared to 4.6% in 2007 (Basham, 2008b). The government has also do cost difficult for restaurants by change magnitude the federal minimum wage to $7.25 in 2009 (Basham, 2008b).Finally, consumers are traveling less which is heavy(a) restaurant sales travelers and visitors accounted for a medial of 15% of sales at right away service restaurants. At this time, the weak economic conditions have had a major impact on the food service industry. repeating of the blue key words links the negative impacts on revenues, prices, employment, labor costs and customer traffic in the restaurant industry. Note also the transition words and phrases due to, in response, also, finally. To a void gratis(p) repetitionAs you read each sentence, you naturally expect the next sentence to relate directly to the previous sentence. And this sentence does relate because I am still talking about your, the readers, expectation. provided what happens if I dont reexamination on the preceding one? I would break your reader attention. In a cohesive paragraph, every sentence builds on the information in the previous sentence, so that you avoid creating a bumpy wooden roller-coaster ride for your reader.If the subjects of two sentences are the same, typically a pronoun can be employ to refer to the subject.ExampleAs you bid It was a universal play that, when set in modern times, still makes experience and can capture an audience. The play As you standardized It uses modern costumes, props, and interactions with the audience to relate the story to our times.Note how the repetition of the full moon name of the play makes the beginning of the bite sentence awkward. With a pronou n, it readsAs you Like It was a universal play that, when set in modern times, still makes wiz and can capture an audience. It uses modern costumes, props, and interactions with the audience to relate the story to our times. Warning Be sure the reader will live on what it, he, that, and other pronouns mean. See http//www.clarkson.edu/writingcenter/docs/vague_pronouns.pdf Finally5. read & REVISEThe best way to improve cohesion is to thoroughly reread your paragraphs. Many times, writers quickly put down all of their thoughts in a burgeon forth of consciousness. While everything that they write makes sense at the time, it may seem like a garbled mess to a reader. Rereading your work (or having a friend, professor or discipline read it) allows you to add any wanting links, fill gaps in logic and create cohesion.Additional Resourceshttp//www.ecu.edu/first_year_studio/workshops/printable_ws/Organization_and_Cohesion.doc http//leo.stcloudstate.edu/style/cohesion.htmlhttp//pap yr.com/hypertextbooks/comp1/coherent.htmhttp//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ pick/561/04/http//leo.stcloudstate.edu/style/transitioncues.html